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DESCRIPTION:'Human somatic evolution: cancer and otherwise'\n\nQuaid Morris
 \, University of Toronto\n	Tuesday October 8\, 12-1pm\n	McIntyre Medical Bui
 lding\, room 1034\n\nAbstract: There are 10 trillion mutated copies of you
 r genome in your body\; a thousand times more copies than humans who have 
 ever lived. Each of these somatic genomes\, if you are as old as I am\, ca
 rries between 50 and 50\,000 somatic DNA mutations. In contrast\, each new
  human is born with only about 50 germline mutations. So\, there are betwe
 en a thousand and a million times more somatic mutations events occurring 
 in your body\, in your lifetime\, than have ever occurred in the human ger
 mline. And unlike humans\, who have an exponentially expanding population\
 ; you have a fixed number of cells that are in constant competition for re
 sources.\n\nCancer is a tragic\, but common\, result of this massive-scale
  experiment in human genome evolution. A handful of the 1000s of somatic m
 utations in cancerous and pre-cancerous cells are “driver” mutations that 
 bestow fitness advantages that cause selective sweeps that drastically inc
 rease the frequency of mutated cells. These sweeps also increase the frequ
 ency of “passenger” mutations accumulated since the last such sweep. These
  latter mutations have little impact on cell function but provide informat
 ion about the mutational processes that generated them. Both their type (i
 .e.\, A to C) and genomic locations depend not only what caused the mutati
 on -- e.g.\, UV light – but also the chromatin state of the cell that acqu
 ired them. I will describe our work developing methods to classify somatic
  mutations into different ‘subclones’ that correspond to different sweeps.
  Our methods also use phylogenetic approaches to determine the relative or
 der in which the sweeps occurred. We have also developed methods to interp
 ret this historical record of the cancer. Specifically\, we are attempting
  to use timed patterns of somatic mutations to reconstruct the historical 
 changes that a normal precursor cell underwent during its transformation i
 nto a cancerous cell. We also study pre-cancerous patterns of somatic evol
 ution that can be read out of deeply sequenced blood populations. I will a
 lso briefly describe our preliminary work in using deep neural networks to
  use these data to infer properties of an individual’s hematopoietic stem 
 cells which cause age-related clonal hematopoiesis.\n
DTSTART:20191008T160000Z
DTEND:20191008T170000Z
LOCATION:Room 1034\, McIntyre Medical Building\, CA\, QC\, Montreal\, H3G 1
 Y6\, 3655 promenade Sir William Osler
SUMMARY:QLS Seminar Series - Quaid Morris
URL:/qls/channels/event/qls-seminar-series-quaid-morri
 s-301218
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