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Wed, 03/11/2026 - 09:19
96 Global Health NOW: Solving the Global Stagnation in Physical Movement; and Reimagining Transit for Blind Commuters March 11, 2026 TOP STORIES The pipeline of new drugs to combat superbugs remains 鈥渨orryingly thin,鈥 shrinking by 35% in the last five years from 92 to 60 medicines in development, ; the Netherlands-based researchers predict that annual deaths linked to drug-resistant infections globally will double to 8 million by 2050. 
  China will boost its science spending, with officials announcing that the country鈥檚 overall research and development expenditure will increase by ~7% over the next five years, and that this year鈥檚 science and technology budget will increase 10% over 2025鈥檚 budget鈥攁mounting to billions in new investments.     The FDA has walked back claims made by U.S. President Donald Trump and other administration officials about the drug leucovorin鈥檚 effectiveness for autism; while the agency approved the generic medication for a rare brain folate deficiency this week, officials estimate the condition impacts fewer than one in a million people in the U.S.
  Psilocybin shows promise as a smoking cessation tool, , which found that participants who received one dose of the psychedelic had 6X+ greater odds of being abstinent from cigarettes after six months than counterparts who relied on a nicotine substitute.   IN FOCUS A Chinese martial arts teacher demonstrates an exercise to students in Freetown at the Confucius Institute University of Sierra Leone. October 15, 2024. Saidu Bah BAH/AFP via Getty Solving the Global Stagnation in Physical Movement     Over the last two decades, governments worldwide have adopted policies promoting physical activity. But physical activity prevalence in most countries remains unchanged, .  
  • 1 in 3 adults and 80% of adolescents still fail to meet the WHO physical activity guidelines of ~150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity weekly. 
  • While 92% of countries have policies that address movement, inactivity rates have remained flat since 2012. 
Why so ineffective? Narrow policy and poor implementation are likely limiting impact, .  
  • Most policies approach movement through a metabolic and cardiovascular health lens, rather than demonstrating the wide, holistic scope of benefits鈥攊ncluding mental health improvements, improved immunity, and cancer prevention.  
Major equality gaps: In high-income nations, 30%+ of total physical activity comes from 鈥渃hoice-based鈥 leisure like sports; in low-income nations, just 10% of physical activity is choice-based, with the remaining 90% related to transport and occupational necessity, .     Needed actions: Physical activity policy should emphasize not just individual impact but population-level benefits, and should be prioritized in community sectors beyond health care鈥攊ncluding education and transportation,  
  • 鈥淧hysical activity should be embedded in the way we design our cities, helping create communities where people want to live and move more,鈥 said the study鈥檚 principal investigator Andrea Ram铆rez Varela. 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES ROAD SAFETY Reimagining Transit for Blind Commuters   For blind commuters in the U.S., everyday barriers remain all too common in public transit and walkways, even in major cities like New York, where 200,000+ people report vision loss or blindness.  
  • Two-thirds of New York鈥檚 subways are not ADA-compliant, and 90% of the city鈥檚 40,000 intersections still lack audible crossing signals. 
Designing for inclusion: Advocates say improvements like tactile paving, curb ramps, and subway station elevators are emerging鈥攂ut such shifts are often catalyzed by lawsuits. 
  • Still needed: Real-time audio updates and improved cell and Wi-Fi connectivity, including in tunnels, are critical for maintaining accessibility and safety.  
Global examples: Cities like Tokyo, Sydney, and Marburg, Germany, have all made major shifts in making public transit safer and wayfinding more tactile for blind commuters.        OPPORTUNITY Attend the Hopkins India Conference in DC   Hosted by the Gupta-Klinsky India Institute at Johns Hopkins University, the Hopkins India Conference will take place on April 1, 2026, at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Center in Washington, D.C. Under the theme Ideas, Innovation & Impact for a Shared Future, the conference brings together leaders from government, industry, academia, and civil society to explore India鈥揢.S. collaboration across technology, health, education, and the global economy.     This year鈥檚  include: 
  • Namgya C. Khampa: Charg茅 d鈥橝ffaires and Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of India in the U.S.
  • Sunil Wadhwani: Cofounder and CEO, Mastech Inc. and IGATE
  • Seema Chaturvedi: Founder and Managing Partner, Achieving Women Equity Funds 
   and    QUICK HITS Ethiopia鈥檚 blame game after videos reveal starving displaced people in Tigray 鈥     Seeking Abortion Care Across State Lines After the Dobbs Decision 鈥      RFK Jr.鈥檚 vaccine advisers drop proposal to revisit covid-19 shot 鈥     Recent pandemic viruses, including SAR-CoV-2, spread directly to people without adaptation, researchers say 鈥     Prison sentences for pair who attacked gay men hailed as sign of hope for Kenya鈥檚 LGBTQ+ community 鈥     Keep calm and be transparent: advice from scientists who retracted their papers 鈥     These diseases were thought to be incurable. Now AI is unlocking new treatments 鈥     Could acne be prevented with a vaccine? 鈥   Issue No. 2878
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Tue, 03/10/2026 - 09:20
96 Global Health NOW: Iran Attacks鈥 Dangerous Fallout; and India Launches Pivotal HPV Vaccine Drive March 10, 2026 TOP STORIES Thousands of Black kidney transplant candidates in the U.S. got moved up on the transplant waiting list as part of an effort to help correct for an earlier race-based formula used to test kidney function鈥攚hich made their kidneys appear healthier than they were, delaying transplant referral; that test was discontinued in 2022.
  Taking a daily multivitamin can slow some signs of biological aging; in who took the daily supplement for two years certain biomakers of aging were slowed by around four months, compared with those who did not; the effect was greater in people who were already biologically older than their years. 
  The U.S. FDA signaled openness yesterday to considering e-cigarettes in flavors deemed appealing to adults, such as mint, coffees, teas, and spices鈥攂ut would continue to reject fruit- and candy-flavored versions thought to be more appealing to teenagers that continue to flood the market. 
  Stimulant prescriptions鈥攎ostly to treat ADHD鈥攄oubled among adults in Ontario since the COVID-19 pandemic began, ; the findings may reflect improved recognition and treatment of adult ADHD, but the authors suggest more research to understand the causes and potential impacts of the rapid rise.  IN FOCUS Smoke and flames rise at the site of airstrikes on an oil depot on March 7, in Tehran. Sasan/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Iran Attacks鈥 Dangerous Fallout
     Thousands of people killed or wounded, toxic rain, damaged water infrastructure, and regional instability have followed attacks by U.S. and Israel on Iran.     Casualties: At least 1,255 people鈥攊ncluding 200 children and 11 health care workers鈥攈ave been killed, Iran's deputy health minister Ali Jafarian .  
  • 12,000+ people have been wounded鈥攖he majority of which are burn and crush injuries. 
Toxic rain: Israel鈥檚 bombardment of oil facilities has caused 鈥渁 major environmental incident,鈥 .   
  • Black smoke billowed from Tehran facilities, posing 鈥渟erious acute and long-term health concerns鈥 for Tehran鈥檚 9 million+ people. 
  • Oil-heavy, toxic rain later fell on the city, .   
Water war: Two desalination plants鈥攐ne in Iran and the other in Bahrain鈥攈ave been bombed, sparking concerns of more attacks on the region鈥檚 essential water facilities, .  
  • The Iranian desalination plant provided water for 30 villages, said an Iranian official. 
  • Much of the country has already endured a years-long drought鈥攍ast year鈥檚 rainfall was nearly half the normal amount. 
Regional crisis: 700,000+ people鈥攊ncluding 200,000 children鈥攊n Lebanon have been forced to leave their homes, , as food insecurity and food prices increase in the region.     Related: 
U.S. Tomahawk Hit Naval Base Beside Iranian School, Video Shows 鈥        Lebanon: Israel Unlawfully Using White Phosphorus 鈥    GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES CERVICAL CANCER India Launches Pivotal HPV Vaccine Drive
    India has launched the world鈥檚 largest free HPV vaccination campaign, offering shots to ~11.5 million 14-year-old girls each year in an effort to prevent cervical cancer, .     Meeting a high burden: India accounts for roughly a quarter of global cervical cancer cases, reporting ~130,000 new cases and ~80,000 deaths each year from the disease.  
  • The country has also historically had some of the lowest rates of HPV vaccination coverage in the world.  
Details: The campaign, which has been rolled out this month, will mostly use a single dose of Gardasil, .    Thanks for the tip, Mira Johri!    OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS 鈥楨xtraordinary cruelty鈥: images show longterm 鈥榮tarvation strategy鈥 in Sudan 鈥     Federal autism advisory board cancels first public meeting since overhaul 鈥     What Congress Doesn't Want to Hear About the Chemicals in Your Child's Body 鈥     Women in Leadership: Global Health's Missing Dose 鈥     A U.S. scholarship thrills a teacher in India. Then came the soul-crushing questions 鈥   Issue No. 2877
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Mon, 03/09/2026 - 09:24
96 Global Health NOW: How Political Messaging Rapidly Reshapes Care; and China鈥檚 Push for a 鈥楥hildbirth-friendly鈥 Culture March 9, 2026 TOP STORIES At least 13 hospitals and health sites have been hit during the U.S.-Israel strikes on Iran, per the WHO, and evacuation orders have forced health facility closures in Lebanon; the WHO鈥檚 logistics hub for global health emergencies in Dubai has also paused operations, threatening emergency supply requests to 25 countries and Gaza.     A landmark human rights ruling has ordered Peru to pay reparations for the 1997 death of an Indigenous woman who died while undergoing forced, government-ordered sterilization; the Inter-American Court of Human Rights judgment is the first to address the policy, which systematically targeted impoverished and Indigenous women in the 1990s.     UK women experiencing miscarriage often face further trauma and distress due to inadequate follow-up care, , which found that ~65% of 1,000+ women reported insufficient follow-up care and that ~42% of those who sought mental health support did not receive it.  

Top U.S. FDA vaccine regulator Vinay Prasad will leave the agency at the end of April; his departure follows controversial decisions including declining to review Moderna鈥檚 new mRNA flu vaccine application (a decision that was later reversed) and rejecting approvals for multiple rare disease drugs.   IN FOCUS Pills spill out of an open bottle of Tylenol brand pain reliever medication, in New York City, on November 3, 2025. Michael Nagle/Bloomberg via Getty How Political Messaging Rapidly Reshapes Care    In the weeks after U.S. President Donald Trump claimed that Tylenol causes autism, emergency room prescriptions of the medication to pregnant women dropped ~10%, 鈥攁 reflection of how swiftly political messaging can influence health behaviors, .    The statement: At a September 2025 White House briefing, Trump warned pregnant women against taking Tylenol, generically known as acetaminophen and paracetamol, claiming it could cause autism鈥攐ver physician recommendations and widespread scientific consensus that there is no causal link.  
  • He also touted leucovorin as a promising autism treatment for children, despite no new supporting evidence. 
The study: An analysis of hospital electronic health records found that acetaminophen orders in emergency departments for pregnant women plunged quickly, reaching a ~20% decrease in the third week after the briefing, . Use in non-pregnant women did not change.  
  • Prescriptions returned to earlier levels by December, but scientists say the research does not account for cold and flu season, or reflect the rates of acetaminophen taken at home, . 
The bigger picture: The findings show 鈥渏ust how much political leaders can steer health behavior even when there has been no change in the evidence for these therapies,鈥 .     Impact on children鈥檚 prescribing: Meanwhile, outpatient leucovorin prescriptions for children spiked ~71% after Trump鈥檚 statements, despite limited evidence that it helps most autistic children鈥攆urther demonstrating how 鈥減olitical messages are driving and impacting care,鈥 pediatrician Susan Sirota told the AP.   GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES POPULATIONS China鈥檚 Push for a 鈥楥hildbirth-Friendly鈥 Culture    Chinese authorities have released a five-year plan to cultivate a 鈥渃hildbirth-friendly society鈥 in an effort to boost the country鈥檚 falling population rate.    Background: China鈥檚 population contracted for a fourth consecutive year in 2025 as the birth rate plunged to a record low, per data released in January.     Policies include: Improved reproductive health services, housing support for families with children, and improved policies on free preschool education.      Plus: Preparing for a 鈥渟ilver economy鈥: Officials also acknowledged an urgent need for policies that meet the needs of a rapidly aging population, as the number of people ages 60+ is poised to reach 400 million by 2035.  
  • Priorities include increasing medical care services, plus 鈥渞efining the social security system.鈥  
  SPONSORED Train Here. Change the World.    Fast-track your education with the Summer Institutes at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Choose from over 125 credit or noncredit courses in public health to gain experience and get ahead. Built for busy schedules, classes range from a single day to a few weeks and can be taken on-campus or online.
  •  
QUICK HITS Measles patients in Utah are developing severe complications, including anemia and liver inflammation, health officials say 鈥     Can a 鈥淟iving Drug鈥 Cure Autoimmune Diseases? 鈥     Cancer patients ditch NHS for private chemotherapy 鈥     Monopolies like Nestl茅 Used COVID to Discredit Breast Milk: Study 鈥     The surprising way breast cancer screenings could reveal heart disease 鈥     Dozens advocate for academic research amid funding cuts at UNC rally 鈥     Reconnecting with culture through innovative Indian Health Service programming 鈥  Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner!    Jarring alarms out, quieter alerts in. New firehouse dispatch systems aim to ease stress 鈥 Issue No. 2876
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Thu, 03/05/2026 - 09:12
96 Global Health NOW: The Addiction-Fighting Promise of GLP-1s; and Punished for Pregnancy Loss in El Salvador Plus: Just a Little R & R.I.P. March 5, 2026 TOP STORIES Chile has eliminated leprosy鈥攖he first country in the Americas to do so and the second globally; WHO and PAHO verified the achievement after the country reached 30+ years without a locally acquired case, the result of .     Cuts to RNA vaccine research threaten to stall three decades of high-stakes scientific research into infectious diseases, cancer, and vaccine development, , which found that RNA technology had the potential to 鈥渋mpact virtually every aspect of human health.鈥     Breast cancer cases worldwide among women are expected to reach ~3.56 million by 2050, up from ~2.30 million cases in 2023, finds a new statistical analysis, which projected that the mounting burden will disproportionately affect 鈥渢he world's most vulnerable populations鈥 and 鈥渨ill further exacerbate health inequalities across the globe without decisive immediate action.鈥     Global sea levels could be far higher than previously understood, as inaccurate modeling has led to the levels being underestimated,  that could 鈥渟ignificantly鈥 affect current and future assessments of climate change on coastal communities.   IN FOCUS Basak Gurbuz Derman/Getty Images The Addiction-Fighting Promise of GLP-1s    A large new study adds to building evidence that GLP-1s could be a powerful tool in curbing and even preventing addiction to a wide range of substances, offering new insights and new hope in the field of addiction treatment, .    Details: The study, , followed 600,000+ U.S. veterans with type 2 diabetes, and compared the impact of GLP-1 drugs to another diabetes treatment.    Strong risk reductions: Those with existing substance-use disorders who took the GLP-1s saw the following outcomes, : 
  • 31% fewer ER visits 
  • 26% fewer hospitalizations 
  • 39% fewer overdoses 
  • 25% fewer suicide attempts 
  • 50% fewer drug-related deaths 
Meanwhile, GLP-1 users without prior addiction showed a 14% lower risk of developing substance use disorders to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids.    Across-the-board-impact: The GLP-1 drugs had a consistent effect across a range of substance types, suggesting a future clinical approach to addiction's root causes. 
  • 鈥淸Existing] treatments have been targeting substances one at a time, when the right target was craving, the engine that drives addiction across substances,鈥 .  
Growing insight: Researchers believe GLP-1s quiet 鈥榙rug noise鈥 by acting on brain reward and impulse control circuits鈥攕imilar to quelling food cravings when treating obesity.  
  • Or in the words of one Rhode Island mother who was able to reach sobriety from alcohol with the help of a separate pilot program that used GLP-1s: 鈥淚 could walk past those bottles and not care,鈥 . 
Next steps: While scientists say the findings are groundbreaking, they emphasize that randomized trials are still needed before GLP-1 drugs can be recommended as standard addiction treatments,  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Punished for Pregnancy Loss in El Salvador    After years of slow but sustained progress freeing women jailed under El Salvador鈥檚 total abortion ban, advocates warn that President Nayib Bukele鈥檚 suspension of due process is leading to renewed criminalization of pregnancy loss.    Background: El Salvador has long had one of the world鈥檚 harshest anti-abortion laws, with women facing criminal suspicion and even arrest for obstetric emergencies including miscarriages and stillbirths.  
  • Still, steady advocacy between 2009鈥2023 led to the release of 81 women imprisoned for abortion-related charges. 
Renewed crackdown: Starting in 2022, Bukele suspended a range of civil liberties in an emergency declaration known as the 鈥渟tate of exception鈥 to combat gang violence.  
  • Since then, ~29 women have faced prosecution following miscarriages or obstetric emergencies鈥斺渁 new spiral of criminalization against women,鈥 said advocate Morena Herrera.  
  OPPORTUNITY Global Mental Health Speaker Series: 鈥淲ho is the Provider?鈥 
Mental health care is delivered in many ways and by many people across diverse settings around the world. The 2026 Virtual Speaker Series from the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Mental Health convenes practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and community leaders to explore a central question: Who provides mental health support, and in what contexts?    Lara Gregorio, LCSW, of 4C Mental Health kicks off the monthly virtual series on March 11, 2026. Subsequent sessions will feature speakers from around the world, including Kenya鈥檚 Kenyatta National Hospital, Utrecht University, the University of Zimbabwe, King鈥檚 College London, and more.  
  • Held via Zoom the 2nd Wednesday of each month at 9 a.m. ET 
  •  
CORRECTION Capital A-Minus 
Michael Bourgon brought us so much joy with  And how did we thank him? By misspelling his home city. Canada's capital, no less. It鈥檚 Ottawa, of course鈥攏ot Ottowa. We regret the error. Please don鈥檛 send the turkeys after us.鈥擳he Editors  ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION Just a Little R & R.I.P. 
It can be hard to get certain workaholic types to chill out. Spas and meditation retreats just don鈥檛 always cut it for the 鈥淚鈥檒l-rest-when-I鈥檓-dead鈥 set.     But a coffin just might do the trick!     A Japanese wellness trend promotes reclining in a coffin as a way to put things in perspective,  (Such perspective can be gained via closed-or open-lidded casket options.)     In this case, the box is not a final resting place: A typical 30-minute coffin-lying stint (which can cost ~2,000 yen, or $12鈥$13 USD) offers just enough time 鈥渢o gaze at life through being conscious of death,鈥 explains designer and custom coffin-maker Mikako Fuse.    Immortalize your memento mori: 鈥淐ute coffins鈥 are bedecked with Instagrammable designs including ginghams and florals, . It's all part of making existential dread, the inevitability of mortality, and the staring into oblivion ...鈥渂right and not so scary."  QUICK HITS Scientists create autism panel, citing RFK Jr.鈥檚 politicization of research 鈥    Emergency supplies for nuclear or chemical attack distributed across Middle East, says WHO 鈥     Sudan Declared 'Cholera Free' Amid Rise in Dengue, Malaria, Measles 鈥     Study warns of underrecognized Lassa fever threat with global implications 鈥     Navigating conversations with children about war, conflict and other traumatic events 鈥  Issue No. 2875
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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  Copyright 2026 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All Rights Reserved. Views and opinions expressed in Global Health NOW do not necessarily reflect those of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health or Johns Hopkins University.


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Categories: Global Health Feed

Wed, 03/04/2026 - 09:39
96 Global Health NOW: Stemming the Tide of Stigma; and An Aid Vacuum Leading to Violence March 4, 2026 TOP STORIES The UN issued an urgent call for the protection of civilians amid the Israeli and U.S. airstrikes against Iran, which are displacing thousands and disrupting humanitarian services as violence and instability spreads through the Middle East; UN officials also called for a 鈥減rompt, impartial and thorough investigation鈥 into the Saturday airstrike that hit a Minab school, killing dozens鈥攎any children鈥攁nd injuring dozens more.     26 M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res staffers remain unaccounted for a month after two of the organization鈥檚 medical facilities in South Sudan鈥檚 Jonglei State were attacked, that said the staff fled with much of the local population into rural regions with limited communication connectivity amid ongoing violence.  
A breakthrough shipment of 11 routine vaccines to South Sudan鈥檚 South Kordofan state will 鈥渞estore lifesaving immunization services鈥 to communities cut off from vaccine deliveries since July 2023 because of conflict and siege; the two truckloads of supplies include shots for TB, polio, and measles, and the pentavalent vaccine.  
  U.S. maternal deaths dropped in 2024, that found that 649 mothers died in 2024 during pregnancy or shortly after giving birth, compared to 669 in 2023鈥攁 continued decline from a COVID-19 era spike; the report also found the Black maternal death rate was 3X+ that of the white and Hispanic rates.   IN FOCUS Stemming the Tide of Stigma    The health impacts of stigma on people with mental illness can be severe鈥攊ncluding delays in seeking treatment, lower-quality care, and reduced rates of recovery.     A push for policy: Such impacts are why stigma reduction must play a critical role not just in grassroots advocacy but in national health policy, say Danish health authorities, who adopted a sustained anti-stigma initiative in 2021, . 
  • 鈥淪tigma has such an effect that people do not seek psychiatric services,鈥 said Niels Sand酶, the former director of prevention and inequity at the Danish Health Authority, who explained that to strengthen overall treatment, 鈥渨e have to do something about the stigmatization.鈥 
What Denmark鈥檚 anti-stigma program looks like: Denmark鈥檚 鈥淥ne of Us鈥 program recruits people with lived experience of mental illness to serve as trained 鈥渁mbassadors鈥 who share their stories with professionals in hospitals, schools, and police settings鈥攌ey places where people with mental health illness can encounter help or further harm.     Early impact: Initial evaluations suggest that after meeting the ambassadors, 98% of Danish health workers feel more equipped to meet and care for patients with mental disorders, and 89% said they expected to change their behavior to be less stigmatizing.  
  • Such policy-based priorities resonate with a key message of : 鈥淲e cannot change the status quo on mental health without tackling stigma and discrimination.鈥 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES VIOLENCE  An Aid Vacuum Leading to Violence
The abrupt closure of U.S.-funded youth programs in Colombia鈥檚 Choc贸 province last year has left thousands of at-risk young people without a stable source of community, leading gangs to fill that role.     Background: Violence prevention programs like Youth Resilience and Black Boys Choc贸 once provided mentoring, leadership training, and social activities like dance to thousands of young people, helping to keep them out of gangs.  
  • But in the months since USAID funds ceased, those initiatives have struggled to stay afloat.  
Gangs fill the void: Meanwhile, armed groups now run their own social activities and offer jobs in illegal mining and drug economies, drawing many youths back toward gangs and unraveling years of prevention work, advocates say.    OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS A new single-pill treatment for HIV shows promising results 鈥  
Delays in awards and funding calls worry NIH-funded researchers 鈥     Leana S. Wen: The CDC is in chaos. But here鈥檚 where it鈥檚 devastating. 鈥     How Kennedy Is Trying to Revamp Medical School 鈥     Investigation finds 鈥榮ecretly鈥 added chemicals of unknown safety in US food supply 鈥     Syngenta says it will stop making pesticide linked to Parkinson鈥檚 disease 鈥     Climate shocks, not just warming, threaten malaria control efforts in Africa 鈥     Why Is America Fixated on Protein? 鈥  Issue No. 2874
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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  Copyright 2026 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All Rights Reserved. Views and opinions expressed in Global Health NOW do not necessarily reflect those of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health or Johns Hopkins University.


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Categories: Global Health Feed

Tue, 03/03/2026 - 09:31
96 Global Health NOW: India鈥檚 鈥楤lood Deserts鈥; and A 鈥楪ame Changer鈥 for Sleeping Sickness March 3, 2026 TOP STORIES U.S. health officials asked to postpone a PAHO-convened panel to review the U.S. measles elimination status, originally set for April, until November鈥攁fter the midterm elections; the Health and Human Services Department said it needs more time to analyze its measles data.
  The malaria vaccine is reducing hospitalizations and deaths of children in northwestern Nigeria, state health workers say, with hospital cases declining up to 50% a year after the malaria vaccine was added to the routine immunization schedule in Nigeria鈥檚 Kebbi State; 200,000+ children have received at least a first dose. 
  A UN drug alert blocked a shipment of chemicals that could have produced ~1.4 to 3.3 tons of fentanyl鈥攗p to 1.6 billion potentially lethal doses; the UN International Narcotics Control Board released news of the March 2025 seizure as an 鈥渋nternational success story鈥 to demonstrate the importance of the early warning system.
  Consumer Reports found heavy metals in more than half of infant formulas it tested in the U.S.鈥攄espite an FDA pledge to tighten oversight; 26 of 49 formulas contained inorganic arsenic at or above CR's level of concern; more than a quarter of the products tested revealed PFAS, 鈥渇orever chemicals,鈥 and three exceeded CR鈥檚 lead level of concern, though CR stressed none of the levels were high enough to cause immediate harm.   IN FOCUS Employees of a private company donating blood in a LG Mega Blood Donation Camp. March 27, 2025, Noida, India. Sunil Ghosh/Hindustan Times via Getty India鈥檚 鈥楤lood Deserts鈥    Families of patients needing donated blood in India routinely post desperate pleas on social media because the blood system in states like Jharkhand lacks sufficient supplies, . 
  • Large parts of India are considered 鈥渂lood deserts鈥 where local timely, affordable demand goes unmet in at least 75% of transfusion cases.  
  • Patients with the inherited blood disorder thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions, so unreliable blood supplies can make tracking down the correct blood group an ordeal for each procedure.   
Shortfall:  that 70% of blood donation is voluntary, critics say it falls far short of that goal. (Voluntarily donated blood to blood banks is  than replacement blood given by relatives or others.) 
Unreliable blood testing: Even when donor blood is obtained, procedures for testing the blood for HIV and other pathogens aren鈥檛 always followed. 
  • Three members of a Jharkhand family were infected with HIV in January after the mother received a blood transfusion during labor, . 
Blood donation rate: Though India鈥檚 blood donation rate is twice the average of lower middle-income countries, it鈥檚 less than a third of that of high-income countries, .  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES NEGLECTED DISEASES A 鈥楪ame Changer鈥 for Sleeping Sickness  
A new treatment for sleeping sickness is being heralded as 鈥渢ruly spectacular鈥濃攁nd a potential key toward eliminating the parasitic disease by 2030, .   The disease is spread through bites of tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa and dramatically impacts the nervous system. It is almost always fatal if left untreated.     The new drug acoziborole鈥攁 one-dose, three-pill treatment for sleeping sickness made by Sanofi鈥攔eceived endorsement from the European Medicines Agency last week, paving the way for approval across Africa, .     What makes it different:  
  • The pill treats both mild and severe cases, eliminating invasive diagnostics that can include spinal taps. 
  • It is one dose and easily transportable to remote regions. 
  • And it is effective:  that 95%+ of treated patients were cured after 18 months.  
鈥淚t鈥檚 a game changer,鈥 said Wilfried Mutombo, a sleeping sickness expert leading the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative鈥檚 clinical operations in West and Central Africa.  OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Threat of Child Malnutrition in Iran Amid U.S.-Iran Conflict 鈥

US Speeds up Signing of Bilateral Health Agreements, DRC Lawyers Challenge Minerals Deal 鈥     Acting CDC director Bhattacharya urges measles vaccines 鈥     Egyptian Women Are Still Being Asked to Prove Their Virginity 鈥     States Move to Limit Access to H.I.V. Treatment 鈥     Malawi bans dual jobs for health workers 鈥      Made-in-America Guns Are Fueling Death and Destruction in Mexico 鈥     Will the next World Food Programme chief answer to Trump? 鈥     Should tick safety be as popular as 'slip, slop, slap'? 鈥   Issue No. 2873
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Mon, 03/02/2026 - 09:55
96 Global Health NOW: Warnings of Human Toll as Middle East Conflict Widens; and High-Impact, Home-Based Prevention March 2, 2026 TOP STORIES Sudan鈥檚 Rapid Support Forces  during and after the takeover of El Fasher last October, per a  published last week drawing on interviews with 22 survivors and witnesses.  
Both the DRC and Guinea have forged health cooperation agreements with the U.S.鈥攖he latest of several bilateral deals the U.S. has made in Africa after dismantling its former USAID health funding last year; Guinea鈥檚 agreement totals ~$143 million in funding over the next five years, , and the DRC鈥檚 agreement totals $1.2 billion through 2030, .    Spain reported a possible infection with the swine flu virus鈥攖he A(H1N1)v variant鈥攖hat may have been transmitted between humans, but a Catalonia region health official said the risk of transmission to other people was very low; the WHO is conducting additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out contamination or external interference.     Meningococcal B vaccine is not effective at preventing gonorrhea infection in high-risk groups, presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Infections last week ; the findings show that gonorrhea incidence among gay and bisexual men with a history of gonorrhea infection was essentially the same whether they received the vaccine or a placebo.   IN FOCUS Severe damage is seen at Gandi Hospital, in northern Tehran, following U.S. and Israeli joint strikes on the Iranian capital, on March 2. Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Warnings of Human Toll as Middle East Conflict Widens
   As conflict spreads rapidly across the Middle East following joint U.S.-Israel strikes across Iran this weekend, global leaders are warning against escalating humanitarian impacts throughout the region鈥攊ncluding attacks on health care and other civilian institutions:     鈥淗ealth facilities are protected under international humanitarian law,鈥  in response to 鈥渆xtremely worrying鈥 reports that Tehran's Gandhi Hospital was struck during bombardment, 鈥攄etails that WHO leaders were still working to verify today.  
  • In Israel, health care facilities have moved operations underground and to other protected spaces, .  
Humanitarian groups are investigating reports of a strike on a primary school in Minab in southern Iran, after Iranian authorities reported ~150 killed, U.S. and Israeli leaders have not confirmed the attack.  
  • such a strike as 鈥渁 grave violation of humanitarian law.鈥 
Meanwhile, UN leaders called for immediate de-escalation, , as ongoing fallout could lead to 鈥渄estruction on a potentially unimaginable scale ... across the Middle East region,鈥 : 
  • 鈥淎s always, in any armed conflict, it is civilians who end up paying the ultimate price,鈥 said T眉rk. 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HIV/AIDS High-Impact, Home-Based Prevention    New HIV infections can be dramatically reduced through targeted, home-based care, finds a large-scale study out of Kenya and Uganda, which saw new infection rates cut 70%.     Details: The Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health (SEARCH) study involved ~80,000 people across 16 communities with 8鈥16% HIV prevalence, all located in rural regions where access to clinics was difficult.  
  • ~500 community health workers delivered tests and PrEP/PEP drugs directly to homes and coordinated follow-up care via smartphone apps. 
  • Overall, the intervention led to a 4X increase in use of anti-HIV drugs in people who were not infected with the virus.   
Future impact: Utilizing the 鈥渃ommunity precision health鈥 model plus the adoption of long-acting injectables could push incidence near zero, researchers say.         Related: Kenya to offer patients free six-month HIV 'breakthrough' prevention jab 鈥   DATA POINT

1,100+
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌
US measles cases so far in 2026, per the CDC鈥攚ith a placing the number of confirmed cases at 1,153 since January 1.鈥

Related: Measles outbreaks are costing the U.S. millions of dollars. The true losses can't be counted. 鈥 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Correcting the Story on Australia鈥檚 Cigarette Taxes     Regarding the February 17 GHN summary on a  highlighting the recent increase in illicit cigarettes in Australia, the newspaper missed crucial parts of this important story. As noted, when cigarette taxes and prices increase dramatically, some smokers may shift to illicit cigarettes.      However, experiences in other countries including the U.K. and Montenegro demonstrate that straightforward measures to secure the supply chain mitigate the illegal market. In the U.K., prices are comparable to Australia鈥檚, but illicit trade is a manageable ~10%. They did this through strong policies including registering vendors who are adequately punished for tax violations; placing their customs officials in source countries through mutual agreements; and developing a tracking and tracing system for all tobacco products that permits tax authorities to know precisely where products are.      Australia, however, has done little along these lines, which is their real challenge. Contrary to this reporting, higher taxes are not the central problem but rather a proven public health success.     Jeffrey Drope, PhD  QUICK HITS White House stalls release of approved US science budgets 鈥      More Parents Say 'No' to Vitamin K Shots for Newborns 鈥     Why new doctors aren't specializing in infectious diseases 鈥

Families Defend Disability Services Amid Medicaid Cuts 鈥

Ivermectin is making a post-pandemic comeback, among cancer patients 鈥     Why We Vaccinate Our Dogs and Cats 鈥    Issue No. 2872
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Thu, 02/26/2026 - 09:48
96 Global Health NOW: Somalia鈥檚 Severe Food Insecurity; How Dentists are Driving Antibiotic Overuse Plus: Let鈥檚 Talk Turkey 鈥 Attacks February 26, 2026 TOP STORIES ~$900 million in U.S. funds designated for two public health emergency preparedness programs lack coordinated oversight, , with the two HHS programs鈥攖he Public Health Emergency Preparedness program and the Hospital Preparedness Program鈥攂oth failing to adequately track state and local emergency readiness.     Assisted dying legislation has passed in Jersey, making it the second British Isles region to pass such a statute following the Isle of Man; however, advocates warn that the law鈥檚 enactment could be slowed due to delays in the final approval process known as royal assent.      A 鈥渃ocktail鈥 of plastic particles and chemicals has been identified in microwavable meals,  by Greenpeace International that analyzed 24 recent scientific studies on such products.    Hundreds of international scientists could face increasing restrictions from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, with 3-year work limits, reduced access to labs, and some scientists from certain countries potentially losing all access as a part of proposed new rules.   IN FOCUS A man and children eat together at a camp as people receive food aid packages in Mogadishu, Somalia, February 25. Halil Ibrahim Sincar/Anadolu via Getty Images Somalia鈥檚 Severe Food Insecurity
The number of Somalis facing acute food insecurity has nearly doubled since last year, impacting a 鈥渟taggering鈥 6.5 million people, as deepening drought, ongoing conflict, exorbitant food prices, and reduced aid all lead to deteriorating conditions, . 
  • And drought conditions are expected to remain 鈥渄ire鈥 through the spring, triggering further hunger across southern, central, and parts of northern Somalia鈥攖aking a particular toll on farming families, pastoralists, and people who are displaced, . 
Children at extreme risk: 1.8+ million children under five are expected to suffer from acute malnutrition this year, including ~483,000 experiencing severe wasting鈥攖he deadliest form of malnutrition.     Flagging aid: The crisis has been further compounded by a drop in humanitarian assistance, with food aid reaching only 17% of the 4.8 million people in need in January 2026, . 
  • Since aid cuts last year, there has been a 鈥渟ignificant reduction in the availability of nutrition treatment services,鈥 including preventive treatment, supplemental feeding and therapeutic clinics, and early detection and referral services for children.  
Call for intervention: The IPC is calling for an urgent influx of food aid and WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) assistance to high-risk 鈥渉otspot鈥 areas. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES INFECTIOUS DISEASES How Dentists are Driving Antibiotic Overuse  
U.S. dentists are prescribing antibiotics at increasing rates, contributing to rising antimicrobial resistance, while failing to install systems to prevent overuse,      By the numbers: Dentists issued 27 million+ antibiotic prescriptions in 2025鈥攁 6% increase since 2020.  
  • 80% of antibiotic prescriptions in dentistry are unnecessary, .  
Climbing clindamycin usage: The increase includes 2.3 million prescriptions for clindamycin, a high-risk drug with a link to deadly C. difficile infections, .  
  • Clindamycin ranks as the second-most prescribed dental antibiotic despite experts鈥 calls to minimize it. 
Siloed stewardship: While hospitals and health systems have adopted mandatory antibiotic stewardship programs, private dental offices lack similar oversight, shared patient records, or incentives to curb misuse.    Related:
  Curbing overuse of dental antibiotics proves daunting 鈥     How to avoid inappropriate dental antibiotics 鈥  OPPORTUNITY Nominations Open for Fries Awards for Health
Do you know someone who has achieved a major accomplishment in health? Nominate them for the CDC Foundation鈥檚 Fries Awards for Health.
  • The Fries Prize for Improving Health, a $100,000 prize, is awarded to an individual who has made major accomplishments in health improvement, with emphasis on recent contributions to health, and with the general criteria of the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
  • The Elizabeth Fries Health Education Award, a $50,000 prize, recognizes a practitioner or scholar who has made a substantial contribution to advancing the field of health education or health promotion through research, program development, or program delivery.   
Nominations are open until April 4, 2026! 
  •   
  •  
ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION Let鈥檚 Talk Turkey 鈥 Attacks 
When Ottowa lab tech Michael Bourgon encountered two brazen birds on his walk home from work last week, he tried to be cordial.  

鈥淗ey, what鈥檚 up turkeys?鈥 he greeted. 

But they had come for blood, aggressively following Bourgon and giving him 鈥渢he business,鈥 . As they pecked around his ankles, he quickly realized: 鈥淲hatever this is, I don鈥檛 want it.鈥  

His next thought: 鈥淧lease don鈥檛 let me be the guy who goes viral for kicking a turkey in the face.鈥 Instead, he gently kicked snow around the birds, which only provoked them further.  

Then, a stunning rescue.  

鈥淗ey, hop in!鈥 a perfect stranger called from a white SUV, despite Bourgon looking鈥攕elf-described鈥斺渓ike the Unabomber.鈥 

We know all this thanks to another hero: Quick-thinking passerby Jody Paul knew 鈥渁 naturally funny situation鈥 when he saw one, and captured the   

But it didn鈥檛 stop there. Bourgon still had to face work鈥攁nd the turkeys鈥攖he next day, and the next.  

鈥淏y round three, I was ready鈥濃攚ith some turkey face-off strategies for us all: Stand your ground, and don鈥檛 be 鈥渃haseable.鈥  

鈥淒oormats get walked on,鈥 he advised. 鈥淒on鈥檛 put up with the turkey nonsense.鈥 

QUICK HITS Group unveils 10-year blueprint to reduce blindness 鈥     Newly released 2025 scorecard unveils progress and setbacks on health and gender equality across Southern Africa 鈥     More pregnant Americans are skipping prenatal care, CDC finds 鈥      Scientists discover a key to staying mentally sharp in old age 鈥      When the next global health crisis strikes, will we be ready in 100 days? 鈥  Issue No. 2871
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Wed, 02/25/2026 - 09:17
96 Global Health NOW: Scrutiny of Shifting U.S. Aid Strategy; and Antiquated, Isolated TB Care February 25, 2026 TOP STORIES Guinea-Bissau has terminated a controversial U.S.-funded hepatitis B vaccine trial that was suspended earlier over ethics concerns, as it would deny half of all enrolled babies a birth-dose inoculation in the country, which carries one of the world鈥檚 heaviest burdens of hepatitis B infections.      15 U.S. states are suing to reverse changes to federal recommendations that reduced from 17 to 11 the number of diseases children are routinely vaccinated against, contending that the changes were not based on scientific evidence; HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., CDC acting director Jay Bhattacharya, and their respective agencies are named as defendants.     Cervical cancer rates in young U.S. women vary 鈥渟ubstantially鈥 by state, based on HPV vaccine uptake, as states with low vaccination rates see minimal progress, ; overall, rates have dropped 27% among U.S. women ages 20鈥31 since the introduction of the vaccine.     ~6 in 10 U.S. women will have some type of cardiovascular disease in the next 25 years, , which also forecasts 鈥渟urges鈥 in health factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes.   IN FOCUS Health workers assist a patient inside a tent at Kuwadzana polyclinic. Harare, Zimbabwe, November 18, 2023. Shaun Jusa/Xinhua via Getty Scrutiny of Shifting U.S. Aid Strategy    As the new 鈥淎merica First鈥 health aid strategy moves toward more transactional agreements, Zimbabwe has rejected a proposed $367 million health package from the U.S.鈥攃iting a 鈥渓opsided鈥 deal that 鈥渦ndermines the sovereignty and independence of Zimbabwe as a country鈥 and that compromises established global health frameworks, .     Objections: Zimbabwe鈥檚 leaders halted the talks over U.S. requirements for Zimbabwe to share sensitive biological and population data without guaranteed access to resulting medical innovations, . Zimbabwe leadership was also concerned about efforts to fold in mineral deals.  
  • In response, the U.S. embassy in Harare said health assistance for HIV/AIDS, malaria, and maternal and child health would be wound down. 
Bigger picture: Zimbabwe鈥檚 withdrawal comes as a growing number of African nations sign onto such bilateral agreements鈥攚hich global health experts say resemble China鈥檚 former government-to-government aid model,   
  • Now, China is moving away from such bilateral deals, investing instead in self-described 鈥渟mall and beautiful鈥 health projects while strengthening WHO ties and global health partnerships. 
Meanwhile: The U.S. State Department is seeking to overhaul its international disaster response system, proposing a new Bureau of Disaster and Humanitarian Response that will separate international relief from migration policy, .     Related:     What $50 Billion for U.S. Foreign Affairs Changes for Global Health 鈥   
  How debt relief for developing countries could help reverse the devastating consequences of UK aid cuts 鈥   
  Little Clarity on Legality of Trump鈥檚 Foreign Aid Shutdown One Year After 鈥     GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES TUBERCULOSIS Antiquated, Isolated Care
   In northern Cameroon, patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis are often confined in hospital wards for months, unable to see their families or interact with their community until they test negative.    鈥淲e鈥檙e just here,鈥 said TB patient Asta Djouma, who has been in isolation since October.     Outdated model: This sanitarium model was abandoned in many countries decades ago. The WHO has recommended home-based care for most TB patients for the last 15 years, citing research that shows people on home treatment do better mentally and medically.  
  • But policy change in Cameroon and other low-income countries has lagged as health systems lack funds to monitor at-home care. 
Ongoing battle: ~40,000 people developed TB in Cameroon in 2024.              Related:  
  Rapid sequencing approach could transform tuberculosis surveillance and care 鈥
  Tuberculosis funding cuts could cost households up to $80 billion 鈥    OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Trump cites health care issues in Greenland saying he鈥檚 sending a hospital ship. His claims are off 鈥

As measles cases climb, these 9 diseases threaten comebacks 鈥

Hundreds of American nurses choose Canada over the U.S. under Trump 鈥

Bhattacharya鈥檚 growing power in Trump's HHS worries health experts 鈥

There鈥檚 a Measles Alert in My Area. Now What? 鈥

Major Chinese funder to stop paying fees for 30 pricey open-access journals 鈥

New Type Of Vaccine Could One Day Give Universal Protection Against Colds, Flu, COVID 鈥 Issue No. 2870
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Tue, 02/24/2026 - 09:48
96 Global Health NOW: The Power of Polio Influencers in Malawi; and Fiji鈥檚 鈥楾sunami鈥 of HIV Infections February 24, 2026 TOP STORIES Renewed fighting in South Sudan has displaced nearly 280,000, damaged health facilities and hindered humanitarian aid operations, and fueled the spread of cholera; UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher warns it amounts to a 鈥減erfect storm鈥 of conflict, climate shocks, and deprivation.  
The U.S. FDA will drop the two-study requirement for new drug approvals鈥攅liminating the longtime standard of requiring two rigorous studies鈥攊n an attempt to speed up the availability of certain medical products.  
Hepatitis B vax rates in the U.S. have slipped in the last couple of years to 73.2% in August 2025, researchers from Harvard and the UC San Diego School of Medicine found鈥攔eversing an era of growth with a high of 83.5% in 2023.
  Cannabis use among adolescents increases the risks of being diagnosed with bipolar and psychotic disorders, as well as anxiety and depression, years later, that analyzed data on 460,000 teenagers in Northern California for a 25鈥搚ear period.   IN FOCUS Health worker Mable Njunga marks a door in Lilongwe, Malawi, indicating the home's children under 5 have had the polio vaccine. March 20, 2022. Amos Gumulira / AFP via Getty The Power of Polio Influencers in Malawi    The detection of poliovirus in sewage treatment plants in Blantyre, Malawi, triggered a massive vaccination drive in the past week. But health authorities are fighting more than the virus. 
  • 1.3 million children have been vaccinated against the disease in four days with supplies airlifted by the WHO, .  
Successful but: The rapid response has also run into indifference, misinformation, and reluctant parents. 
  • At a Blantyre school, one in 10 students remained at their desks during a vaccination drive because their parents didn鈥檛 give consent.  
  • One parent told The Guardian: 鈥淚 feel my child has had enough vaccines in her life.鈥 
Creative persuasion: Logic and evidence often fail in communities already persuaded by misinformation on social media, said a Unicef polio manager sitting with a group of mothers. So she said health workers turn to influencers: 
  • 鈥淵ou can give [a mother] any argument. It doesn鈥檛 matter. And then you have a local influencer walk in, and he says 鈥榲accinate鈥, and she just hands you the child.鈥 
Meanwhile in the U.S.: Polio survivors are incensed by a federal vaccine committee chair鈥檚  that polio vaccination should be optional,  One survivor warns that many polio experts have retired and are taking their expertise with them.  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HIV/AIDS Fiji鈥檚 鈥楾sunami of Infections鈥    Over the course of just five years, Fiji has become home to the world鈥檚 fastest-growing HIV outbreak, with cases surging from 147 in 2020 to 1,226 in the first half of 2025 alone. 
  • And without intervention, Fiji health officials warn that number could swell to ~25,000 cases by 2029.   
Driving the epidemic: A boom in methamphetamine use has led to a rise in needle- and paraphernalia-sharing and other high-risk trends increasing transmission.   
  • But at-risk populations are expanding beyond people who use drugs: 33 babies were born with HIV in early 2025. 
Lagging health response: While Fijian officials are budgeting for a more robust response, the country currently has limited testing and harm reduction infrastructure, and minimal stocks of antiretrovirals or PrEP.        Related:  
Drugs, denial and stigma: the babies and children swept up in Fiji's HIV nightmare 鈥  
Zimbabwe rolls out long-acting HIV drug, among first countries to do so 鈥   DATA POINT

2881
鈥斺赌斺赌
The number of attacks on health care in Ukraine鈥攊ncluding health workers, facilities, and ambulances鈥攄ocumented by the WHO since the full-scale war began on February 24, 2022. 鈥 CORRECTION In a Top Story last week that , we said 鈥淔ive years into Ukraine鈥檚 war鈥 鈥 but we should have said, 鈥淎s the war in Ukraine enters its fifth year.鈥 Thanks for flagging that error, Angeline Sawaya! SPONSORED Cells to Society: The Building Blocks of a Public Health Career
   Considering a career in public health? The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is now offering online, noncredit courses for adult learners who are thinking about a career change, are seeking ways to be more helpful in their local communities, or are simply curious about how public health works. Explore available courses and register today to get a preview into a formal public health education.         QUICK HITS Destitute survivors of south-east Asia鈥檚 cyberscam farms an 鈥榠nternational crisis鈥 鈥     South Africa regulator backed by the food industry blocks ad on sugar鈥檚 health risks 鈥     NIH research grant funding rates plummeted in 2025 鈥     Study: Antibiotic resistance threatens 30-year decline in deaths from lower respiratory infections 鈥      Vaccine skeptic stepping down from No. 2 post at CDC 鈥     Biohackers and wellness influencers are pushing nicotine as part of their 鈥榮tacks鈥 鈥  Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner! 
How a Syrian refugee built a global mental health lifeline for displaced communities 鈥   Issue No. 2869
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Mon, 02/23/2026 - 10:07
96 Global Health NOW: Global Health sNOW Day February 23, 2026 iStock/Getty Global Health SNOW Day
GHN is off today due to inclement weather and reduced operations at Johns Hopkins University. We plan to be back tomorrow with all the latest global health news! 鈥Dayna Issue No. 2868
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Thu, 02/19/2026 - 09:25
96 Global Health NOW: Afghanistan鈥檚 鈥楥atastrophic鈥 Hunger Plus: Birth Certificates for Bangladesh鈥檚 鈥業nvisible鈥 Children February 19, 2026 TOP STORIES Libya has eliminated trachoma as a public health problem, the WHO has validated鈥攖he result of a decades-long effort that involved improved surveillance, expanded surgical care, and training and support for eye health workers that was 鈥減articularly notable given years of political instability and humanitarian challenges鈥 that strained health services.   
 
New FDA guidance for antibiotic use in food-producing animals seeks to add duration limits to medically important antibiotics; but critics say  fails to adequately address the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance and the potential impacts on human health.  
 
Early prenatal care has declined in the U.S., with the share of births to women who had prenatal care in the first trimester dropping from 78.3% in 2021 to 75.5% in 2024, ; while reasons for the decline were not cited, the decrease was higher for mothers in minority groups, and specialists pointed to the rise in maternity deserts as a likely factor.   
 
Greater air pollution exposure has been linked to heightened Alzheimer鈥檚 risk, , which found that air pollution affected the brain through direct effects rather than through other chronic conditions.  IN FOCUS A malnourished child holding his mother鈥檚 hand inside the M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res therapeutic nutrition center at a hospital in Herat, Afghanistan, on January 8. Wakil Kohsar/AFP via Getty Afghanistan鈥檚 鈥楥atastrophic鈥 Hunger
Afghanistan faces a historic surge in malnutrition, as aid cuts, displacement, and drought leave two-thirds of the country鈥檚 population facing serious or crisis levels for acute malnutrition, . 
  • 鈥淲e have a catastrophic nutritional crisis on our hands,鈥 said John Aylieff, Afghanistan Country Director for the UN's World Food Program, noting that levels of malnutrition are the highest ever recorded in the country at 17.4 million people.  
Driving hunger: After the 2021 Taliban takeover, foreign aid plummeted and economic collapse left many without a lifeline for nutritional assistance. Since then, conditions have only worsened because of drought, earthquakes, and the return of 5.3 million Afghans expelled from Pakistan and Iran.    U.S. aid cuts last year delivered a devastating blow, and donors have since struggled to keep pace with the needs.    Most at risk:  
  • Children: ~4 million children are acutely malnourished, and 500+ child deaths have been logged in recent months鈥攍ikely an undercount.  
  • Women: Prohibited from work, women are especially vulnerable. WFP has recorded a 30% rise in malnourished pregnant and breastfeeding women, and is seeing an uptick in suicidal calls from women with nowhere to turn.  
Fragility as Ramadan begins: 鈥淢any are beginning the fasting period without reliable incomes,鈥 . GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HUMAN RIGHTS Birth Certificates for Bangladesh鈥檚 鈥業nvisible鈥 Children
Hundreds of undocumented, 鈥渋nvisible鈥 children born in brothels in Bangladesh now have birth certificates, opening the door to education and protections they previously could not access.     700+ children are newly documented after years of campaigning by activists with the Freedom Fund, who advocated for better documentation by pointing to a 2018 law that allows registration without a father鈥檚 details, and who worked to identify the children and collect their information.     Unlocking basic rights: The certificates will allow the children to enroll in school, acquire passports, and vote.  
  • Documentation can also help protect children from trafficking.  
The quote: 鈥淭hese documents are not just a tool, it鈥檚 about survival,鈥 said Khaleda Akhter, Bangladesh program manager for the Freedom Fund.     ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION A Dog Has His Day
It鈥檚 safe to say that us non-athletes don鈥檛 spend most of our lives thinking about triple axels, frantically sweeping near a kettle-type-thing, or cross-country-skiing-really-far-then-shooting-something.  

But then for a few weeks every four years, we sink into our sofas and become winter sports dilettantes. We cry tears of joy and disappointment, lament scoring injustices, marvel at back stories鈥攁nd wonder, popcorn in hand, if we might have stood a chance at Olympic greatness. 
  • What we never considered: What if we just 鈥 joined in?  
Nazgul, a local Czechoslovakian wolfdog, did just that,  of the women鈥檚 cross-country skiing qualifying race at Milano-Cortina. Immediately disqualified on grounds of being male, a dog, and not even on skis, Nazgul was nevertheless the star of the event, . 

A true sportsman, Nazgul congratulated fellow athletes with bum-sniffs at the finish line. Greek skier Konstantina Charalampidou welcomed the competition. 

鈥淚 wanted to pet him, but I didn鈥檛 have the time.鈥
 
 The sacrifices of an Olympian. QUICK HITS Measles cases in South Carolina rise by 12 to 962, state health department says 鈥      NIH Director Jay Bhattacharya will take over leadership of CDC temporarily 鈥      Why is the US targeting Cuba鈥檚 global medical missions? 鈥      FDA will drop two-study requirement for new drug approvals, aiming to speed access 鈥      New Inhalable Tuberculosis Treatment Could Replace Months of Daily Pills 鈥     The most dangerous sport at the Winter Olympics? It鈥檚 not luge or ice skating 鈥  Issue No. 2867
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Wed, 02/18/2026 - 09:24
96 Global Health NOW: Forced Begging in Ethiopia; and Botswana鈥檚 Health Care Breakdown February 18, 2026 TOP STORIES Five years into Ukraine鈥檚 war, more than a third of the country鈥檚 children鈥2,589,900鈥攔emain displaced, including 791,000+ children inside Ukraine and nearly 1.8 million children who are now refugees outside the country.  
The UK government launched a vaccination campaign in response to a measles outbreak in North London; vaccine coverage with both doses of the MMR vaccine have now dropped to 89% across England, and below 65% for some areas.     Moderna鈥檚 flu vaccine will now be reviewed by the U.S. FDA after the agency reversed its decision last week to reject the application for the vaccine, which is made with mRNA technology.     The maker of Roundup, the weedkiller, has announced a proposed $7.25 billion settlement to resolve thousands of U.S. lawsuits which allege the chemical company, Bayer, failed to warn people that Roundup could cause cancer.   IN FOCUS People beg in the streets in central Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. November 16, 2010. Per-Anders Pettersson Forced Begging in Ethiopia     People with disabilities are frequently trafficked and forced to beg in Ethiopia鈥檚 major cities in an often overlooked form of human trafficking that researchers describe as a 鈥渃rime hiding in plain sight,鈥  that is among the first to focus on the specific form of trafficking.     Exploiting vulnerability: Children with disabilities from poor rural families are especially at risk, facing stigma, exclusion, and almost no access to school or social support. 
  • Traffickers often convince parents to allow them to take their children to urban areas like Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Mekelle鈥攑romising education or medical care. 
Extreme abuse: Once trafficked, the children are often forced to beg for long hours, often under 鈥渃ruel and inhumane鈥 conditions including near-starvation, minimal sleep, and constant threats of physical violence and abandonment.  
  • 鈥淚 would go out crawling on my hands since I didn鈥檛 have a wheelchair,鈥 reported one female survivor with a physical disability, adding that if she returned with too few earnings her trafficker 鈥渋nsults me and hits me.鈥 
  • Most were too afraid or dependent upon traffickers to seek help, and the police rarely provided a pathway out. 
Calls for intervention: Researchers say trafficking can be prevented and reduced through: 
  • Stigma reduction, including inclusive education and jobs for those with disabilities. 
  • Safer reporting mechanisms and tailored law enforcement response.  
  • Support systems after rescue, informed by survivor experience. 
   GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HEALTH SYSTEMS Botswana鈥檚 Health Care Breakdown    Botswana's once-model health system is swiftly deteriorating amid a diamond trade slump that has drained national finances and exposed weaknesses in the country鈥檚 health funding structure.     Severe shortages: Medicine and supply stocks at hospitals have run out, forcing staff to buy supplies out-of-pocket, and leading to extensive wait times.  
  • A public health emergency was declared six months ago, but an ombudsman鈥檚 new investigation reveals continued struggles, including the country鈥檚 largest hospital being reduced to an 鈥渙ld, heavily worn vehicle, overloaded with passengers.鈥  
Need for reform: While emergency measures are being implemented, including a $43 million infusion from The World Bank, officials are calling for deep systemic reform鈥攍ike changes to drug procurement and health insurance.       OPPORTUNITY Watch the Series, Host a Screening
in the Escape the Neglect: Stories from the Front Lines docuseries, following the innovation arc in the treatment of sleeping sickness in the DRC, is now live. 
  •  produced by Devex in partnership with the Gates Foundation, spotlights the human stories from the global effort to end neglected tropical diseases in Nigeria, India, and the DRC. 

Host a screening: These short films (5鈥10 minutes each) offer a simple, meaningful way to spark conversation. To make hosting easy, the creators of the series developed  a flexible toolkit that provides everything you need to facilitate an in-person or hybrid event, including:  

  • A facilitation guide with inclusive, action鈥憃riented discussion prompts. 

  • An NTD factsheet with episode鈥憇pecific context. 

  • 搁别补诲测鈥憈辞鈥憉蝉别&苍产蝉辫;颈苍惫颈迟补迟颈辞苍 and promotional language. 

QUICK HITS UK cuts aid further than any G7 country, including the US 鈥     Vaccine Makers Curtail Research and Cut Jobs 鈥      Chlorine Dioxide, Raw Camel Milk: The FDA No Longer Warns Against These and Other Ineffective Autism Treatments 鈥     Progress on family planning in Afghanistan is still possible 鈥      The science influencers going viral on TikTok to fight misinformation 鈥     This form of mental exercise may cut dementia risk for decades 鈥  Issue No. 2866
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Tue, 02/17/2026 - 09:30
96 Global Health NOW: Booming 鈥楤ootleg Cigarettes鈥 Down Under; and the Race for WHO Leadership Ramps Up February 17, 2026 TOP STORIES Mortality among people who inject drugs and participated in a Stockholm, Sweden, needle and syringe program declined over a decade of harm reduction intervention expansion, including a take-home naloxone effort;  observed a marked reduction in opioid overdose deaths.      Plastic water bottles contained more chemicals than glass:  tested 37 Belgian brands and found 17 endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including bisphenol B and acetaminophen鈥攁nd observed that higher price correlated with increased phthalate levels.     The benefits of intermittent fasting 鈥渇ail to match the hype,鈥  of 22 studies that found little to no weight loss improvement compared to regular dietary advice or doing nothing at all for people who were overweight or obese.  
Ultra-processed food companies hijacked the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) 鈥渓oophole鈥 to let questionable ingredients slip into American food products, says U.S. health secretary RFK Jr., who pledged to act on a petition from former FDA chief David Kesler to address the issue.  IN FOCUS Pedestrians walk past signs outside a tobacconist and convenience store in central Sydney, Australia. March 27, 2025. David Gray/AFP via Getty Booming 鈥楤ootleg Cigarettes鈥 Down Under 
Australia鈥檚 aggressive taxes on cigarettes have driven down smoking rates and raised an average pack鈥檚 cost to US$40. But they鈥檝e also unleashed a nationwide black market, . 
  • The tax on a single cigarette has tripled in a decade to about US$1.06.  
Unintended consequences: 
  • The price spike has launched a huge demand for illegal cigarettes. A pack of under-the-counter cigarettes costs as little as US$7. 
  • Illegal cigs are commonly sold at shops and via private sales, accounting for perhaps half of all tobacco sales.  
  • Criminal gangs are smuggling in cigarettes from the Middle East or China.  
  • 鈥 鈥 have spawned 100+ firebombings and hundreds of attacks on shopkeepers and others, as turf battles have erupted among gangs.  
Next steps: Government officials have previously rebuffed any discussion of reducing the excise tax to stem the illegal trade, but last week finance minister Katy Gallagher acknowledged that all options are on the table, . 
Public health perspective: The illegal market has made prices so cheap that further tax increases wouldn鈥檛 do much good, said Becky Freeman, a University of Sydney tobacco expert.  
  • 鈥淚 only support tax increases if they are effective at reducing smoking,鈥 Freeman said.  
Related:  
Smoking And Quitting Behaviors Vary by Socioeconomic Position 鈥        Exclusive: India sticks to e-cigarette ban in snub for Philip Morris 鈥   DATA POINT

123 million
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌斺斺
Additional malaria cases in Africa by 2050 that could be triggered by climate change, driven mostly by extreme weather events, led by researchers from The Kids Research Institute Australia and Curtin University. 鈥
  WHO Race for WHO Leadership Ramps Up    Diplomatic maneuvering has begun for the WHO's next director-general, as the nomination process opens in April for next year鈥檚 vote.     And while a list of rumored candidates is growing, the successor to current chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus faces an 鈥渆xistential convergence of crises鈥 amid geopolitical rifts and major funding challenges.     An agency at a crossroads: The WHO鈥檚 next leader will have to steer the agency at a critical juncture that includes a $1鈥痓illion funding gap after the U.S. withdrawal, a 25% staff cut, and low morale.     Seeking a 鈥渦nicorn鈥: The incoming chief will also need to balance demands for global equity with fiscal reform鈥攁ll while trying to meet 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and prepare for potential pandemics in a post-COVID landscape.      SPONSORED Cells to Society: The Building Blocks of a Public Health Career     Considering a career in public health? The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is now offering online, noncredit courses for adult learners who are thinking about a career change, are seeking ways to be more helpful in their local communities, or are simply curious about how public health works. Explore available courses and register today to get a preview into a formal public health education.         QUICK HITS Mexico Risks Losing Its Measles-Free Status, Months Before Millions Arrive for World Cup 鈥     Doctors bear the burden as 鈥榤edical freedom鈥 fuels worst US measles outbreak in 30 years 鈥      Investment in Malaria Venture Yields 13x Health Benefits 鈥      Indian Health Service to phase out use of dental fillings containing mercury by 2027 鈥     As More Schools Turn to AI Weapons Detection, Questions Persist 鈥  
As US presence wanes, China works to increase its influence through foreign aid 鈥  
The Karate Class Where Kenya鈥檚 Grandmothers Learn to Fight Back 鈥   Issue No. 2865
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Mon, 02/16/2026 - 09:19
96 Global Health NOW: Progress and Pushback on Polio Vaccination; and Peru鈥檚 Defective Cancer Drugs February 16, 2026 TOP STORIES A measles outbreak in London is spreading rapidly among children under age 10, per the U.K. Health Security Agency, which has reported 34 laboratory-confirmed cases over the last month linked to schools and nurseries in Enfield.  
  A new recombinant mpox strain combining genomic elements of clades Ib and IIb of the virus has been identified in two cases鈥攐ne in the U.K. and the other in India鈥, which has urged continued genomic surveillance.   
  Whooping cough cases in Australia have hit their highest level recorded in 35 years following a 鈥減otentially catastrophic鈥 drop in vaccinations; 57,000+ cases were reported in 2024鈥攎ostly among children.  
  France will slash its funding for the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria by 58%+ for the next two-year cycle, from 鈧1.6 billion to 鈧660 million; French NGOs warned that the cuts鈥攚hich could impact antiretroviral HIV treatments, malaria prevention, condom availability, and testing services鈥攚ill cost lives.  IN FOCUS Progress and Pushback on Polio Vaccination     The WHO is expanding the global arsenal for polio outbreak response by  aimed at curbing vaccine-derived outbreaks 鈥渕ore sustainably鈥 in the ongoing quest to eradicate the virus.     But the progress comes as vaccination strategy is under threat in a new era of politicization鈥攑otentially endangering decades of gains.     The new nOPV2 vaccine is designed to be more genetically stable than older vaccines, reducing risk of vaccine-derived outbreaks while effectively curbing virus transmission, .      Meanwhile in Malawi, health officials have launched a new oral polio vaccination campaign in schools and door-to-door, seeking to administer 1.7 million nOPV2 doses after detecting vaccine-derived type 2 virus in sewage in the southern city Blantyre last month, .      鈥淧olio endgame鈥: The WHO's SAGE Polio Working Group convened in Geneva this month to review global polio eradication strategies, including phasing out the two-strain oral vaccine (bOPV) while improving the nOPV2 and next-generation shots (IPV), .     An uncertain future in the U.S.: Despite these global strides, the future of vaccine strategy in the U.S. is uncertain as allies of HHS Sec. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. form coalitions to roll back state-level school vaccine mandates鈥攁larming public health experts who warn this could swiftly erode a century of protections against deadly childhood diseases, including polio, .  DATA POINT

123 million
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌斺斺
Additional malaria cases in Africa by 2050 that could be triggered by climate change, driven mostly by extreme weather events, led by researchers from The Kids Research Institute Australia and Curtin University. 鈥
  PHARMACEUTICALS Peru鈥檚 Defective Cancer Drugs     Ineffective and even dangerous cancer drugs have been repeatedly shipped to Peru health facilities amid an ongoing pattern of regulatory failures within the country.     Unfit for use: ~118,000 vials of chemo bought with government funds have been ordered destroyed since 2019, though some reached hospitals and even patients before they were scrapped.     Poor track records: Pharma companies with problematic track records have been awarded state contracts, even after their drugs have failed quality tests.     Exacerbating a crisis: 1 in 4 cancer patients in Peru experience treatment delays because of drug shortages.     , in partnership with   OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Key US infectious-diseases centre to drop pandemic preparation 鈥     NSF鈥檚 flagship fellowship program is rejecting applicants without peer review 鈥     RFK Jr. shakes up top health department staff 鈥     She was denied a legal abortion and sent to prison over an illegal one. Now she tells her story 鈥     HIV made him expect to die at 40. At 73, Edwin Cameron asks: Who鈥檚 planning for our ageing survivors? 鈥     Photos: The flying doctors of Lesotho won鈥檛 let their wings be clipped 鈥   Issue No. 2864
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Thu, 02/12/2026 - 09:49
96 Global Health NOW: EPA Moves to Revoke Key Climate Health Warning Plus: Kenya Battles Kala-azar February 12, 2026 TOP STORIES Life-threatening blood clots that have been a rare side effect of some COVID-19 vaccines, including those by Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca, are caused by an adenovirus protein used by both vaccines which triggered 鈥渞ogue鈥 antibodies in people with a particular genetic background, .      The WHO director-general has called a U.S.-funded hepatitis B vaccine trial in Guinea-Bissau 鈥渦nethical,鈥 as the trial will deny half the children the vaccine despite its proven efficacy; instead of testing benefits or efficacy, the study appears focused on looking for adverse outcomes in children who receive a birth dose.     Measles cases fell across Europe and Central Asia last year, dropping by 75% in 2025 compared to 2024 due to outbreak response measures and 鈥渢he gradual decline in the number of people susceptible鈥 to infection as the virus infected undervaccinated communities, per new UN data; still, outbreak risks remain.     More than 70% of baby foods, drinks, and snacks sold in the U.S.鈥攊ncluding crackers, yogurt, and puffs鈥攁re ultraprocessed and contain additives that have been linked to health issues, according to   IN FOCUS Steam rises from the smoke stacks of the Ravenswood Generating Station, New York City's largest power plant, on January 26. Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty EPA Moves to Revoke Key Climate Health Warning
The EPA is poised to revoke its own 2009 scientific conclusion that greenhouse gases are a threat to public health and welfare鈥攗pending the legal foundation for a wide range of federal climate protections, .    Background: Known as the determination established wide-ranging health threats posed by greenhouse gases produced by oil, gas, and coal, and has since been invoked to set emissions limits for vehicles and power plants.     The long road to repeal: Members of President Trump鈥檚 administration have long worked to dismantle climate legislation they describe as unfounded and harmful to the economy, , with White House officials lauding the rollback as 鈥渢he largest deregulatory action in American history.鈥     Long-term impact: Ending the finding could block future presidents from using the EPA to limit emissions, allowing industries to fully abandon regulations,     Scientific backlash: Leading scientific and health organizations overwhelmingly oppose the rollback, saying it ignores vast and mounting scientific evidence that links pollution- and climate change-driven disasters to illness, higher medical costs, and premature deaths 鈥渂eyond scientific dispute,鈥 .   
  • Environmental groups have pledged to fight the EPA 鈥渆very step of the way鈥 with legal challenges that could stretch for years.
  • 鈥淐ommunities across the country will bear the brunt of this decision鈥攖hrough dirtier air, higher health costs, and increased climate harm,鈥 said Michelle Roos, executive director of the Environmental Protection Network, . 
  Related: Scientific analysis says climate change fueled conditions for Chile, Argentina wildfires 鈥  DATA POINT

94 million+ 
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌斺斺撯
The number of people worldwide who suffer from cataracts; half of them lack access to the corrective surgery, according to the WHO. 鈥
  NEGLECTED DISEASES  Kenya Battles Kala-azar 
An outbreak of kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, has surged in Kenya's dry regions over the last year.     By the numbers: Cases spiked from 1,575 in 2024 to 3,577 in 2025, and the disease has a 95% fatality rate if untreated.  
  • Few facilities in Kenya have the capacity to diagnose or treat the illness, and more training to address the medical crisis is needed.  
Drought-driven spread: The parasitic disease is carried by sandflies, which have expanded their reach amid ongoing drought and dry conditions resulting from climate change and urbanization.     Mitigation efforts: Six African nations most affected by kala-azar adopted a framework in Nairobi in 2023 to eliminate the disease by 2030.    ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION A Dozen Roaches
It鈥檚 been said that revenge is a dish best served cold. But it may actually be a dish best served to an armadillo, .    Thankfully, every February, a slew of zoos and wildlife conservation groups offer such a service,  de facto guide to vengeful Valentines.    A sampling:    Bugs and hisses: The San Antonio Zoo鈥檚 annual  allows donors to pay $5 to name a cockroach after an ex, then have it fed to inhabitants, .  
  • Similarly, the  lets donors revenge-name mealworms or rats which are then fed to birds of prey with 鈥渧ideo proof of their revenge being swallowed whole.鈥  
Cutting them off: Animal shelters from  to  offer a certain kind of closure via 鈥淣euter Your Ex鈥 fundraisers, allowing donors to name a feral cat after a former flame before the cat is spayed or neutered through Trap-Neuter-Return programs.     Getting dumped: The Gulf Coast Humane Society in Corpus Christi, Texas, hosts a , in which donors can have their ex鈥檚 name written on paper and placed in a litter box, where it will be 鈥 鈥渆motionally processed.鈥 QUICK HITS US to participate in meeting on influenza vaccine composition, WHO official says 鈥   

Study supports shorter treatment regimens for TB prevention 鈥 

Four states sue Trump administration over cuts to public health funding 鈥   

Nurses on strike in New York approve new contracts at 2 of 3 hospital systems 鈥 

Public health workers reflect on a year since mass layoffs at the CDC 鈥  

鈥楢t 2am, it feels like someone鈥檚 there鈥: why Nigerians are choosing chatbots to give them advice and therapy 鈥  Issue No. 2863
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Wed, 02/11/2026 - 09:29
96 Global Health NOW: Deteriorating Health Conditions in Immigration Detention; and The Struggle to Keep Mobile Crisis Teams in Action February 11, 2026 TOP STORIES At least nine people were killed and at least 25 injured yesterday in Canada鈥檚 deadliest mass shooting in decades; the shootings, at the hands of a suspect who died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, took place in a home and a secondary school in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia.   
The U.S. FDA has refused to review Moderna鈥檚 application for a new mRNA flu vaccine, though no safety or efficacy concerns were identified; Moderna has requested an urgent meeting with the FDA, noting that it has submitted the vaccine for review in Europe, Canada, and Australia.  
  Aluminum exposure from dietary sources over the course of a 100-year lifespan is 鈥渙rders of magnitude鈥 higher than the cumulative lifetime exposure from all the recommended aluminum-containing vaccines, .  
Tanning companies are spreading harmful misinformation about suntanning beds鈥攃laiming a range of health benefits, from boosting energy to preventing colds and flu鈥攐n social media ads targeting young people, while cancer charities link the sunbeds to rising melanoma cases among youth in the UK.   IN FOCUS Texas State Troopers prepare to disperse a crowd protesting Immigration and Customs Enforcement outside the South Texas Family Residential Center. January 28, Dilley, Texas. Joel Angel Juarez/Getty Deteriorating Health Conditions in Immigration Detention    As U.S. immigration detention centers expand under the Trump administration鈥檚 mass deportation campaign, detainees and health workers are reporting severe health and safety breakdowns鈥攊ncluding among children.     In Dilley, Texas: Families are being held for weeks or months at facilities like the Dilley Detention Center, . Despite legal limits on detaining minors, ~300 have been held for 20+ days.  
  • Parents and children there report regular illness and limited medical attention. 鈥淐hildren with medical complaints frequently experience delays, dismissals, or lack of follow-up,鈥 reported nonprofit advocacy organization RAICES, which has logged ~700 reports of insufficient medical care since August 2025.  
  • Others describe worsening mental health, with many children struggling with depression and self-harm amid prolonged stays and lack of schooling.  
In Guant谩namo Bay, Cuba: Health workers describe similarly bleak conditions at Guant谩namo Bay, where hundreds of immigrants are held, ~90% of them deemed low-risk, . 
  • U.S. Public Health Service officers describe inadequate care, overcrowding, and dark, windowless cells. Several have resigned, saying they cannot serve under such conditions.  
  • 鈥淧ublic health officers are being asked to facilitate a man-made humanitarian crisis,鈥 said nurse Rebekah Stewart, who resigned from the service. 
Related: 鈥淚 Have Been Here Too Long鈥: Read Letters from the Children Detained at ICE鈥檚 Dilley Facility 鈥   DATA POINT

91%
鈥斺赌斺赌
Share of Americans across the political spectrum who agree it is important for the U.S. to be a global leader in science and technology; 63% expressed willingness to pay $1 more per week in taxes in support of medical and health research. 鈥 MENTAL HEALTH The Struggle to Keep Mobile Crisis Teams in Action     Over the last decade, U.S. communities have increasingly turned to mobile crisis teams to respond to psychiatric emergencies rather than dispatching law enforcement.  
  • A  found that there are ~1,800 mobile teams nationwide, providing people with therapeutic care and helping them avoid jail or the ER.  
But financial support remains tenuous: Many are funded by unreliable grants or insufficient Medicaid payments鈥攆orcing programs to shrink or close.     Seeking funding fixes: A handful of states now require private insurers to cover mobile crisis calls or have levied other fees to help cover the programs, but advocates warn closures will continue without reliable, long-term funding.  
  • 鈥淎 much-needed service is available and then not available, available and then not available,鈥 said Sierra Riesberg, director of the Behavioral Health Alliance of Montana. 
  SPONSORED Cells to Society: The Building Blocks of a Public Health Career    Explore public health at your own pace with the first four courses in a series of 12 non-credit learning experiences from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Designed for those interested in public health careers, these flexible courses build foundational knowledge in key areas and deepen professional skillsets.     CORRECTION IOU a Correction
We incorrectly spelled out IOM in our top story yesterday, about a ; IOM stands for the International Organization for Migration. Thanks to a sharp-eyed reader for setting us straight!  QUICK HITS In Sudan, sick and starving children 鈥榳asting away鈥 鈥   
India sticks to e-cigarette ban in snub for Philip Morris 鈥     Landmark settlement could create new protections for harm reduction under disability law 鈥     Film series memorializing the AIDS epidemic provides 'chilling parallels' to today 鈥     Dozens of researchers will move to France from US following high-profile bid to lure talent 鈥     Benjamin Korinek: Why global health shouldn鈥檛 be political 鈥      FDA to reassess the safety of BHA, a preservative used in popular snack foods 鈥     Affordable microscope speeds up malaria diagnosis with AI 鈥 Issue No. 2862
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Tue, 02/10/2026 - 09:25
96 Global Health NOW: Health Crisis in Gaza; and Supporting Breastfeeding Mothers in South Africa February 10, 2026 TOP STORIES 53 refugees and migrants from several African countries died after their boat capsized in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya鈥檚 coast last Friday; the International Office for Migration reports that at least 375 people have been reported dead or missing in January.   
  The Trump administration plans to cut $600 million in public health funding in four Democrat-led states鈥擟alifornia, Colorado, Illinois, and Minnesota; the programs, deemed 鈥渋nconsistent with agency priorities,鈥 include HIV prevention and surveillance and disease outbreak management.   
  Mexico state officials announced stepped-up health screening and face mask recommendations in schools for the area, which borders Mexico City, in response to a spreading measles outbreak; the country had 2,143 confirmed cases and nearly 6,000 suspected cases as of last Friday, with the western state of Jalisco hardest hit.  
  The U.S. National Cancer Institute is investigating ivermectin as a possible cancer treatment, despite the lack of new evidence of the antiparasitic drug鈥檚 anti-cancer potential; 鈥淚 am shocked and appalled,鈥 one NCI scientist said.   IN FOCUS Palestinian patients prepare for evacuation to Egypt at the Red Cross Hospital. Khan Yunis, Gaza, February 2. Abed Rahim Khatib/Anadolu via Getty Health Crisis in Gaza     Clashes over WHO reporting and the health situation in Gaza continue months after a U.S.-brokered ceasefire raised hopes for reconstruction and improved health. 
  • The WHO鈥檚 Executive Board voted down Israel鈥檚 proposal last week to consolidate the twice-annual health reports on the occupied Palestinian Territories, .   
The fierce debate exposed different perspectives on access to medical evacuation: 
  • 18,000 patients, including 4,000 children, have life-threatening conditions and need evacuation, according to Saudi Arabia鈥檚 delegate.  
  • Israel responded that it had approved the departure of thousands of Palestinians, but other countries weren鈥檛 accepting enough patients.  
Health situation:  
  • Delegates described 90% of hospitals destroyed, 1,600 health workers killed, inadequate sanitation, and extensive disease risks.  
  • Israel called such reports outdated and distorted. 
Older people at risk:   
  • 68% of 400+ older Gazans surveyed said they had reduced or stopped chronic disease treatment because of access problems, .  
  • 76% of respondents report living in tents. 
Individual stories: 
  • A kidney disease patient  about the difficulty of getting medicines and care in Gaza.    
  • An Israeli court on Feb. 8 turned down an appeal that would have allowed a 5-year-old cancer patient into Israel for treatment, . 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES NEGLECTED DISEASES   Nigeria鈥檚 Fatal Antivenom Shortfall     The death of a high-profile Nigerian singer from a snakebite has ignited widespread outrage over the country鈥檚 inadequate supply of antivenom and the need for a national snakebite strategy, .    All-too-common tragedy: 26-year-old Nigerian singer Ifunanya Nwangene died at a hospital in the capital Abuja because the facility did not have the proper antivenom to treat her鈥攁 scenario public health experts say is disturbingly frequent in the country.  
  • Nigeria records ~43,000 snakebites and ~1,900 related deaths each year. Meanwhile, ~50% of Nigerian health facilities lack the capacity to treat snakebite envenoming, .  
  • Supply chain breakdowns, high treatment costs, and inadequately trained personnel have contributed to a scourge of avoidable deaths, .  
Call to action: Public health groups have urged government investment in antivenom stocks; free or subsidized antivenom; and local antivenom production to curb what the WHO describes as an 鈥渆ntirely preventable鈥 crisis.  MATERNAL HEALTH   Supporting Breastfeeding Mothers in South Africa 
Women employed as domestic workers in South Africa often face a wrenching dilemma shortly after giving birth: Return to work at their employer鈥檚 home without their baby, or lose their job. 
  • Many women in this position are unable to breastfeed their babies, which the WHO recommends for the first six months, depriving them of numerous health benefits. 
Untapped resource: South Africa鈥檚 Unemployment Insurance Fund could help with partially paid maternity leave for up to four months. But just 20% of people register their domestic workers for the fund.    Maternal grants? Maternal health advocates have been pushing for a monthly maternity payment for low-income pregnant women from mid-pregnancy to three months after birth.     OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS By Slashing Foreign Aid, Trump Is Fueling the Spread of HIV in Uganda 鈥      First human trials of locally-developed HIV jab begin in South Africa 鈥     South Korea will boost medical school admissions to tackle physician shortage 鈥     Traditional food could help reverse Nepal鈥檚 鈥榙iabetes epidemic鈥, studies suggest 鈥     What Happens When Midwives Lead Abortion Care: Lessons from Sweden 鈥      2 to 3 Cups of Coffee a Day May Reduce Dementia Risk. But Not if It鈥檚 Decaf. 鈥     Olympic COVID restrictions are gone, but some athletes are still self-quarantining 鈥   Issue No. 2861
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Mon, 02/09/2026 - 09:27
96 Global Health NOW: Life After Leprosy; and Few Resources for Migrating Minors February 9, 2026 TOP STORIES

Landmines and other explosives that are remnants of war in Afghanistan killed ~92 people and injured 379 others last year; more than two-thirds of the victims were children, per the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan.

A USAID division cut by the Trump administration, Development Innovation Ventures, was revived last week as an independent nonprofit: the DIV fund, which will continue the former program鈥檚 mission to fund and support international interventions, thanks to $48 million in private donor funding. 

Burundi has signed a bilateral agreement with the U.S. as a part of the ongoing rollout of the America First Global Health Strategy, which will result in $129 million in funding from the U.S. State Department over five years to support HIV/AIDS and malaria initiatives, and in Burundi increasing its domestic health funding by $26 million over the same time span. 

After facing years of litigation, U.S. chemical company Corteva will stop producing Enlist Duo, an herbicide containing a 鈥渢oxic cocktail鈥 of the Agent Orange chemical 2,4-D and glyphosate鈥攚hich have both been linked to cancer and ecological harm; Corteva will still use 2,4-D in another of its products, Enlist One. 

IN FOCUS A woman looks out of her living quarters in a leprosy colony in New Delhi, on March 11, 2015. Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Life After Leprosy 
At leprosy colonies throughout India, people who have long been cured of the disease continue to live and thrive inside the communities鈥攁 testament to the support systems there, and to the stigma that persists outside, .
  India is home to ~750 leprosy colonies today, where tens of thousands of former patients, their children, and grandchildren live.  
  • The colonies have long been places of exile: People who contracted the disease were segregated and forced to live in deep poverty and isolation. 
But today, leprosy is easily treated: The disease, also known as Hansen鈥檚 disease, can be cured with antibiotics; with attentive care, patients with nerve damage, amputations, and foot lesions are able to live fully. 
  • ~173,000 new leprosy cases were reported globally in 2024, .  
Communities of care: Meanwhile, conditions at the colonies have vastly improved over the years. Beyond medical care and housing, many also provide education and microfinancing systems.    But stigma remains strong, hampering reintegration efforts. Many former patients and their families still face job discrimination and social exclusion鈥 鈥渨hich can be more problematic than the disease itself,鈥 said Yohei Sasakawa, WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Leprosy Elimination.  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES Related: FGM Laws Protect Girls. Who Heals the Women? 鈥  DATA POINT

4 million+
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌斺斺
Girls still at risk of female genital mutilation. 鈥 HEALTH SURVEILLANCE Few Resources for Migrating Minors    Children and juveniles migrating north through Mexico live in 鈥減recarious and unsafe鈥 conditions, both in their place of origin and on their journey鈥攚ith ongoing barriers to medical care, finds a 2024 study of 200 minors.     A range of adversities: Many children experience deterioration in their physical and mental health during transit, as they encounter 鈥減ersecution, coercion, violence, and discrimination, as well as unsanitary living and transit conditions, food insecurity, and exposure to environmental hazards,鈥 per the study.     A need for interventions: Researchers described a need for sustainable health and psychological programs for children at migratory shelters鈥揳nd called for more civil society-led mobile clinics.       QUICK HITS Newly obtained emails undermine RFK Jr.'s testimony about 2019 Samoa trip before measles outbreak 鈥  
  鈥楾ake the vaccine, please,鈥 Dr Oz urges amid rising measles cases in US 鈥  
China criticizes U.S. for WHO pullout, accusing it of sidestepping international law 鈥     Argentina: No Withdrawal from Pan American Health Organization 鈥 Despite Leaving WHO 鈥     Women鈥檚 Preferences for Home-Based Self-Sampling or Clinic-Based Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening 鈥     Federal Vaccine Advisers Take Aim at Covid Shots 鈥     CDC study highlights growing threat of invasive E coli 鈥     Inside the quest to make a safer football helmet 鈥    Issue No. 2860
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Categories: Global Health Feed

Thu, 02/05/2026 - 09:51
96 Global Health NOW: Going on the Offensive Against Cholera; and Best in Show, First in Our Hearts February 5, 2026 TOP STORIES A South Sudan hospital has been hit by a government air strike, says M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res, which runs the facility; the attack in Lankien, Jonglei state, marks the tenth attack in 12 months on MSF-run medical facilities in the country amid a resurgence in fighting between soldiers and a coalition of opposition forces.    
Raw milk has been linked to the listeria death of a newborn in New Mexico, per state officials, who say that 鈥渢he most likely source of infection was unpasteurized milk鈥 the mother consumed during pregnancy.      Researchers identified a genetic mutation that helps malaria-spreading Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes resist pyrethroids鈥攖he main insecticides used to treat bednets; the research, led by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Cameroon鈥檚 Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, also developed a DNA test to track the mutation across West and Central Africa.     A new rapid test can identify bacteria and effective antibiotics to use against them in just 36 minutes, per a study published in 鈥攁 key tactic to fight antimicrobial resistance, say researchers.   IN FOCUS A member of the Syria Immunization Team holds cholera vaccination ampoules in Sarmada, Syria, on March 7, 2023. Anas Alkharboutli/picture alliance via Getty Going on the Offensive Against Cholera 
Preventive cholera vaccination programs will restart globally after a ~4-year hiatus鈥攁 signal that the global supply has seen significant recovery after critical vaccine shortages, .  
  • 鈥淕lobal vaccine shortages forced us into a cycle of reacting to cholera outbreaks instead of preventing them. We are now in a stronger position to break that cycle,鈥 said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.  
Depletion: Preventive campaigns paused in 2022 amidst a global cholera surge that drove up demand for oral cholera vaccine stocks.  
  • That surge continues: 600,000+ cholera cases and ~7,600 deaths were reported to WHO last year鈥攚ith children most at risk.  
  • Last month alone, 11,965 new cholera cases, and 126 new deaths globally were .  
Replenishment: Today, global supply of oral cholera vaccine has doubled from ~35 million doses in 2022 to ~70 million in 2025鈥攁 result of collaborative efforts by global agencies, manufacturers, and other stakeholders to expand production, .     Strategy: 20 million doses are being deployed at the outset, with 3.6 million doses delivered to Mozambique, where flooding has damaged water systems and heightened cholera risk for 700,000+ people, .  
  • 6.1 million doses have been sent to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and 10.3 million to Bangladesh鈥攐ther high-risk regions. 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HIV/AIDS A Lifesaving Drug鈥擲oon Out of Reach   Thousands of people with HIV in Florida are expected to lose access to critical HIV medications after the state鈥檚 abrupt decision to severely restrict eligibility for its AIDS Drug Assistance Program on March 1. 
  • The income cap for benefits will be drastically lowered, putting medication out of reach for ~16,000 people.  
Lost subsidies, big impact: Officials say the cuts are driven by rising costs, reduced federal funding, and this year鈥檚 expiration of Affordable Care Act subsidies鈥攚hich is already spiking patients鈥 insurance costs.     Doctors and advocates warn that the restrictions could lead to more patients falling through the cracks and further viral spread.  
  • 鈥淚t鈥檚 terrifying,鈥 said Tori Samuel, a mother of three who has relied on the program for decades.  
  CORRECTION A Key Distinction

In our summary yesterday about cancer prevention, the projected 50% rise  is in cancer cases, not rates. We regret the error.  

ALMOST FRIDAY DIVERSION Best in Show, First in Our Hearts     God loves a terrier. It is a truth  crooned by legendary Norwich terrier owner Cookie Fleck, played by Catherine O鈥橦ara in the 2000 mockumentary Best in Show.     But before the terrier group was judged Tuesday night at the 150th Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, all the love was focused on O鈥橦ara herself, who died last week at 71鈥攁s organizers paid tribute to the actor with a video montage on the Madison Square Garden jumbotron, .    The tribute reflected just how beloved the film and O鈥橦ara have become in that subculture, even though both 鈥済ently lampooned eccentricities and intensity鈥 of dog shows.  
  • 鈥淭he first time I watched it, I was highly insulted,鈥 said David Fitzpatrick, this year鈥檚 best in show judge. 鈥淭hen I watched it again and I started thinking, 鈥極h my God, they really have some of us pegged.鈥欌 
This year鈥檚 top dog was Penny the Doberman pinscher鈥攚hose owner listed her favorite snacks as 鈥渆verything,鈥 . We love a relatable winner.  OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS 鈥榃e are dying鈥: Gaza鈥檚 cancer patients plead for a way out 鈥     New Nipah-like bat virus in Bangladesh is becoming more deadly, scientists warn 鈥     Study ties particle pollution from wildfire smoke to 24,100 US deaths per year 鈥      RIP Nick White, 1951-2026 鈥  Thanks for the tip, Michael Macdonald!    How the new dietary guidelines could impact school meals 鈥     New York City partners with WHO as U.S. withdraws from global effort 鈥     Texas jails have more than 400 pregnant inmates monthly. The state is trying to understand what happens to them. 鈥     Open-source AI program can answer science questions better than humans 鈥    Issue No. 2859
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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